一种新型的自激式除尘器的设计与开发

本文针对我国目前一些小型锅炉烟尘除法装置存在的售价高、使用寿命短、除尘效率低等问题，介绍一种新型湿式陶瓷除尘器的设计与开发过程。该除尘器具有高效、价廉、无二次污染等特性，适用于小型锅炉的烟尘治理。     

煤粉热解的激波管测试法及其控制系统

本文主要介绍煤粉热解的激波管测试法及其系统的原理和软件、硬件系统组成。本系统的特点是控制与测试系统既相互独立又有数据传递。特别是控制系统采用模块化的设计方法,集控制与管理为一体。硬件布局合理可靠、软件丰富,且各软件模块间相互调用,克服了机器内存不够的缺陷。还具有手动操作和自动控制两种功能,可广泛应用于其它小型风洞及其它机械设备的控制。     

行星际尘粒中锂同位素丰度与太阳星云演化的关系

1引言构成太阳系的大多数元素都经历过恒星演化过程,但3种轻元素Li,Be和B极为脆弱,在绝大多数恒星内部的高温、高密度和剧烈变动的条件下,很快就会分解．太阳系的早期阶段,太阳星云可能是由大爆炸产生的1H、2H、3He、4He和7Li及附近超新星爆发产生的C、N、O等构成[1],而6Li、Be、B是以后由宇宙射线粒子轰击附近星际和行星际的C、N、O等的核产生[2]．因为Li的同位素丰度的一部分是由大爆炸生成,一部分是由宇宙射线与星际介质核反应产生,因此它的丰度与宇宙射线暴露时间有关．1991年,文献间报导过在行星际尘粒中发现Li、Be和…     

高熔点聚碳硅烷的合成及其裂解机理的研究

对高熔点聚碳硅烷的合成反应条件进行了较为详细的研究,并通过改变化学反应的温度、压力和反应时间制备出了熔点高达３８０℃、数均分子量Ｍｎ〉３００、陶瓷收率率７９％（质量分数）以上的陶瓷先驱体聚合物。该先驱体溶解性能好,并具有良好的防丝性能。文中还利用ＩＲ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ等手段对该先驱体的热解机理进行了初步探讨。』     

Interstellar Dust in the Solar System

The Ulysses spacecraft has been orbiting the Sun on a highly inclined ellipse almost perpendicular to the ecliptic plane (inclination 79°, perihelion distance 1.3 AU, aphelion distance 5.4 AU) since it encountered Jupiter in 1992. The in situ dust detector on board continuously measured interstellar dust grains with masses up to 10⁻¹³ kg, penetrating deep into the solar system. The flow direction is close to the mean apex of the Sun’s motion through the solar system and the grains act as tracers of the physical conditions in the local interstellar cloud (LIC). While Ulysses monitored the interstellar dust stream at high ecliptic latitudes between 3 and 5 AU, interstellar impactors were also measured with the in situ dust detectors on board Cassini, Galileo and Helios, covering a heliocentric distance range between 0.3 and 3 AU in the ecliptic plane. The interstellar dust stream in the inner solar system is altered by the solar radiation pressure force, gravitational focussing and interaction of charged grains with the time varying interplanetary magnetic field. We review the results from in situ interstellar dust measurements in the solar system and present Ulysses’ latest interstellar dust data. These data indicate a 30° shift in the impact direction of interstellar grains w.r.t. the interstellar helium flow direction, the reason of which is presently unknown.     

Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and the dust emission in the galaxy clusters

It is shown that if the dust is present in the hot intergalactic gas, the galaxy cluster must be very bright source of far infrared emission. This emission can be observed by modern IR astronomy methods. At the same time, taking realistic assumptions about the intergalactic dust nature, it is impossible to explain negative results of the attempts made at observational detecting the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the centimeter wavelength region as the compensation of the expected decrements by the dust grains emission.     

月尘累积对太阳电池阵电帘除尘效率影响的实验研究

月尘在月球探测器太阳电池阵表面的累积将会导致其输出功率下降甚至功能失效。近年来,电帘除尘方法被认为是月尘清除防护的有效手段。文章实验研究了月尘累积对三结砷化镓太阳电池性能影响,拟合得到了月尘累积质量与太阳电池相对输出功率的数学模型;利用电帘除尘装置,研究了不同月尘累积质量下电帘的除尘效率。研究结果表明,6 mg/cm2月尘累积质量是太阳电池阵电帘除尘装置启动的最佳工作条件。该研究成果可为开发具有自适应除尘能力的太阳电池阵提供技术支持。     

Characteristics of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate multilayered detector bombarded with hypervelocity iron particles

A cosmic dust detector is currently being developed using a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) element. The characteristics of the multilayered detector (MD), which was composed of one hundred PZT disks, were investigated by bombarding it with hypervelocity iron particles supplied by a Van de Graaff accelerator. It was confirmed that there was a linear relationship between the signal amplitude observed from MD and the momentum of the particles. As compared with the single-layered detector (SD) that was composed of one PZT disk, it was found that the sensitivity of MD was ∼3 times higher than that of SD within the limits of the experimental conditions.